{"id":1273,"date":"2025-12-17T06:38:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T06:38:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/?p=1273"},"modified":"2025-12-30T03:45:31","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T03:45:31","slug":"choose-titanium-manufacturers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/choose-titanium-manufacturers\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c UT\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u00a0<a class=\"cursor-pointer underline !decoration-primary-700 decoration-dashed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/centers\/national-minerals-information-center\/titanium-statistics-and-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5\u201d. \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1280 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/standard-titanium-factory-inside-4.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/standard-titanium-factory-inside-4.webp 800w, https:\/\/hontitan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/standard-titanium-factory-inside-4-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/hontitan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/standard-titanium-factory-inside-4-768x513.webp 768w, https:\/\/hontitan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/standard-titanium-factory-inside-4-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/hontitan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/standard-titanium-factory-inside-4-600x401.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/titanium-grade-corrosion-resistance-guide\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"95\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1) \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0(Astm\/AMS\/ISO) +\u00a0<strong>(2) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.) +\u00a0<strong>(3) \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 NDT\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 UT\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 Ti-6Al-4V ELI (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u062e)<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/titanium-grade-1-vs-grade-2-comparison\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"98\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a> 2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 + \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u201cCP = \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u201d: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629\u201d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ti-6Al-4V ELI<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0629\/\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\/\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ELI \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 (\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>ASTM \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 AMS-\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a AMS \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u201c\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u201d \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \"\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\" \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 + \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631).<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u00a0<a 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\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<a class=\"cursor-pointer underline !decoration-primary-700 decoration-dashed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a NIST<\/a>). \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f: \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 (\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 - \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a UT \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a):<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a UT \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (TCO): \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u062c\u0645 = \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 + (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631) + \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 + \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$38\/\u0643\u062c\u0645<\/td>\n<td>$42\/\u0643\u062c\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629\/\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e)<\/td>\n<td>6%<\/td>\n<td>1.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626)<\/td>\n<td>$1.2\/\u0643\u063a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>$0.8\/\u0643\u063a\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/td>\n<td>20%<\/td>\n<td>5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 (\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u062c\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>$10\/\u0643\u062c\u0645<\/td>\n<td>$10\/\u0643\u062c\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a038 + (0.06\u00d738)=2.28 + 1.2 + (0.20\u00d710)=2.0 \u2192\u00a0<strong>$43.48.48\/\u0643\u062c\u0645<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>B:<\/strong>\u00a042 + (0.015\u00d742)=0.63 + 0.8 + (0.05\u00d710)=0.5 \u2192\u00a0<strong>$43.93.93\/\u0643\u063a\u0645<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641<\/h2>\n<pre><code>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 __ \/ \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 __)\r\n\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c: \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \/ \u0644\u0648\u062d \/ \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \/ \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \/ \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \/ \u0633\u0644\u0643 \/ \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\r\n\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 + \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629: ASTM __ \/ AMS __ \/ ISO __\r\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646 \/ \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642 \/ \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0641\u0644 \/ \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\r\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645: \u0640 (OD \/ ID \/ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644: __\r\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627: __ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d: __ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d: __ (\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628)\r\nNDT: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 UT\u061f __ \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\/\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649: __ \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: __\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 (\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a + \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a + \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639)\u060c \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645: \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\/\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629: __ \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641: __\r\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641: \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \/ VCI \/ \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a (\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629)\r\n\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629: __\r\n\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u061f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u061f) + \u0623\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 (\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 (\u0637\u0628\u064a)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 NDT \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a (CAPA)<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0641): \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1) \u0647\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/product\/grade-5-titanium-wheel-bolts-manufacturer\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"94\">\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 Ti-6Al-4V\u061f<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645 - \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 5 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 Ti-6Al-4V. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u201d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2) \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 CP (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/product\/astm-f136-grade-5-eli-titanium-round-bar-supplier\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"280\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a> (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2) \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 Ti-6Al-4V) \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 ELI <a href=\"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/burnt-titanium-guide\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"159\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/a> \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d ELI \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\/\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f ELI \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4) \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u061b\u00a0<a class=\"cursor-pointer underline !decoration-primary-700 decoration-dashed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/centers\/national-minerals-information-center\/titanium-statistics-and-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646): \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p><strong>5) \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 (\u0645\u0637\u062d\u0646\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 MTR. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 - \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM \u0648AMS\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 AMS \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645:\u00a0<a class=\"cursor-pointer underline !decoration-primary-700 decoration-dashed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.faa.gov\/aircraft\/air_cert\/design_approvals\/air_software\/media\/Orders\/FAA_Order_8110_4C.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>7) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a). \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 - \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8) \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (\u0647\u0644): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h3>\n<p><strong>9) \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u062d\u0646\u0629)\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649: \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 UT\/NDT \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 MTR \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>10) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 NIST \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u00a0<a class=\"cursor-pointer underline !decoration-primary-700 decoration-dashed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a NIST<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>11) \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639. \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 UT \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u201c\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>12) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/titanium-grade\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"279\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\/\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 MTR). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a): \u0645\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631<\/h3>\n<p><strong>13) \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"96\">\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628\/\u0644\u0648\u062d\/\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>14) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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[...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1273"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1533,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1273\/revisions\/1533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1273"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 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