{"id":3852,"date":"2026-05-07T02:35:55","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T02:35:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/?p=3852"},"modified":"2026-05-07T05:56:47","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T05:56:47","slug":"grade-2-vs-grade-4-titanium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/grade-2-vs-grade-4-titanium\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4: \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 CP \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b (CP)\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u06484<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 4 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u062d\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 (CP) \u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a><\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629<\/strong> (\u0645\u062b\u0644 Ti-6Al-4V \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 CP - \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a 99% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>-\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a\u201d \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 ASTM B348 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a ASTM F67 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2<\/strong>. \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4: \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 CP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 4 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a CP\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 (\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a) \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0651 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a> \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4<\/strong>, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/th>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2<\/th>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649)<\/strong><\/td>275 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (40 \u0643\u0633\u064a)<\/td>483 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (70 \u0643\u0633\u064a)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649)<\/strong><\/td>345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (50 \u0643\u0633\u064a)<\/td>550 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (80 \u0643\u0633\u064a)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 %)<\/strong><\/td>20%<\/td>15%<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628)<\/strong><\/td>~80 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>~\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 100 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0641 4<\/strong>, \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2<\/strong> \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/strong>, \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 - \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0641 4 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong> \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a (MOQs) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 4<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0625\u0630\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n