{"id":4069,"date":"2026-06-16T01:38:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T01:38:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/?p=4069"},"modified":"2026-06-16T01:41:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T01:41:25","slug":"grade-7-titanium-palladium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/grade-7-titanium-palladium\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (Ti-0.15Pd): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (UNS R52400) \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 0.12\u20130.251\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 40 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0642 (FGD)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7\u061f (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 (CP) \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.12 \u06480.25 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM B265 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/strong> \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0642\u064a \u2014 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0631\u0645\u0632 UNS \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648 52400 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f<\/strong>. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0640\u201c\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 (Ti-0.15Pd\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 16 (Ti-0.05Pd)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 17 (Ti-0.05Pd\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a). \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a 26 \u064827 \u064828 \u064829) \u063a\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM B265:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 (wt%)<\/th>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (wt%)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/td>0.12-0.25<\/strong><\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (Fe)<\/td>0.30 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.30 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O)<\/td>0.25 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.25 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (C)<\/td>0.08 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.08 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (N)<\/td>0.03 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.03 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H)<\/td>0.015 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.015 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627)<\/td>0.10 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.10 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a)<\/td>0.40 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.40 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2014 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td>4.51<\/td>\u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628<\/td><\/tr>
\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\u22641,665<\/td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>16.4<\/td>\u0648\/\u0645\u00b7\u0643<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.56<\/td>\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0645\u00b7\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>103<\/td>\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627<\/td><\/tr>
\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/td>0.37<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM B265\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/td>345<\/td>\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a (50 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c 0.2% (\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/td>275<\/td>\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a (40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 50 \u0645\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649)<\/td>20<\/td>%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u2014 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0631\u0633\u0645<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \"Grade 7\". \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/em> \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u2014 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/strong> \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong>. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HER) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644.<\/strong> \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644). \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u2014 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u201d \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 (1960\u060c, \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \"\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0632\"<\/em>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (1967\u060c, \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \"\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0632\"<\/em>, (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 11) \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u2014 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0631\u0633\u0645<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u201d\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629)\u061b \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 0.13 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: TIMET \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 AZoM\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Austral Wright Metals\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 AMPP\/Corrosion \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2005).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643<\/th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
5%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 108 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>0.18<\/strong><\/td>>10<\/td>~55\u00d7<\/td><\/tr>
3% (\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.025<\/strong><\/td>>28<\/td>>1,000\u00d7<\/td><\/tr>
5% (\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.1<\/strong><\/td>>28<\/td>~280\u00d7<\/td><\/tr>
10% (\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>8.8<\/strong><\/td>>28<\/td>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
15% (\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>40<\/strong><\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
3% (\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.13<\/strong><\/td>>28<\/td>>200\u00d7<\/td><\/tr>
5% (\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.13<\/strong><\/td>>28<\/td>>200\u00d7<\/td><\/tr>
10% (\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>9.2<\/strong><\/td>>28<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 27% HCl \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a 5% \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f 190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 (Fe\u00b3\u207a\u060c Cu\u00b2\u207a\u060c Mo\u2076\u207a) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 (HNO\u2083\u060c NaOCl) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 7 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 5% \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7% \u0639\u0646\u062f 190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 (H\u2082SO\u2084)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
5%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 104 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>0.5<\/strong><\/td>48<\/td><\/tr>
1% (\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.13<\/strong><\/td>7 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d)<\/td><\/tr>
5% (\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.13<\/strong><\/td>26.5 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d)<\/td><\/tr>
10% (\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>1.5<\/strong><\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 45% H\u2082SO\u2084 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 5\u20137% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 201 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.51 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062d\u0645\u0636<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (H\u2083PO\u2084)<\/td>50%<\/td>70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>1.8<\/strong><\/td>10<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (H\u2083PO\u2084)<\/td>10%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>3.2<\/strong><\/td>11<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/td>50%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>0.075<\/strong><\/td>3.6<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643<\/td>1%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>1.13<\/strong><\/td>45<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643<\/td>50%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td><0.025<\/strong><\/td>0.4<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/td>5\u201399.7%<\/td>124 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 80% H\u2083PO\u2084 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>, 15% \u0639\u0646\u062f 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u0648 6% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 16 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064848 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HF)\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Hastelloy C-276 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u201c\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 Ti-0.15Pd \u2014 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u061f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629: \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629).<\/strong> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 (wt%)<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 (wt%)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>0.12-0.25<\/td>0.12-0.25<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (Fe)<\/strong><\/td>0.30 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/strong><\/td>0.20 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O)<\/strong><\/td>0.25 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/strong><\/td>0.18 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (C)<\/td>0.08 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.08 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (N)<\/td>0.03 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.03 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H)<\/td>0.015 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.015 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627)<\/td>0.10 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.10 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a)<\/td>0.40 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>0.40 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/strong> \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 0.20% \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u06480.18% \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.30% \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u06480.25% \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM B265 (0.10% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 0.10% \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/td>345<\/td>240<\/td>\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c 0.2% (\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/td>275<\/td>170<\/td>\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 50 \u0645\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649)<\/td>20<\/td>24<\/td>%<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629)<\/td>~150<\/td>~145<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 44%<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648 62% \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627.<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      \"\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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      \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 CP)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 (\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 (\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 12<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/td>CP Ti<\/td>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645-0.15% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645-0.3 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0646-0.8 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>483 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>275 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>275 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (RT)<\/strong><\/td>~7%<\/td>~27%<\/td>~9%<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 (H\u2082SO\u2084) (\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>~20%<\/td>~45%<\/td>~10%<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0642\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 70\u2013100<\/td>>200<\/td>~150<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 CP<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>1.0\u00d7<\/td>2\u20133 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>1.3\u20131.5\u00d7<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \"\u062c\u064a\u062f\" \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629: \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 (\u0628\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 (HCl >7%\u060c H\u2082SO\u2084 >20%\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0628.\u062f. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645.\u0646.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 12 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/strong>\u00a0(483 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644) \u2014 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 (\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 91 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 271 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 (Lunde et al., 1992)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064a:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\u0631\u0633\u0645<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \"Grade 7\" \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 3\u201351\u066a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 80\u2013120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0644 18\u201324 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.5 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u2014 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 7 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a (\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0649 (PTA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0646 (FGD)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642 (FGD) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 50 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a FGD \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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            \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648: \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u00bb\u060c 3% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f 95 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/td>$50,000<\/td>$115,000<\/td><\/tr>
            \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/td>1.5\u20132 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>15\u201320+ \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
            \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/td>10\u201313 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>0\u20131 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/td>1 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u2013 500,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 650,000<\/td>$115,000\u2013$230,000<\/td><\/tr>
            \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/td>$15,000\u2013$50,000<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/td>1,450,000 \u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,300,000 \u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>$115,000\u2013$280,000<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647<\/strong> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u201d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062a (\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 7 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/th>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM<\/th>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 ASME<\/th>AMS<\/th>ISO\/JIS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
              \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d<\/td>B265<\/strong><\/td>SB-265<\/td>\u2014<\/td>ISO 5832-2 ISO 5832-2<\/td><\/tr>
              \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>B348<\/strong><\/td>SB-348<\/td>AMS 4926<\/td>JIS H 4650<\/td><\/tr>
              \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645<\/td>B338<\/strong><\/td>SB-338<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
              \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645<\/td>B862<\/strong><\/td>SB-862<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
              \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645)<\/td>B861<\/strong><\/td>SB-861<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
              \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 (\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645)<\/td>B862<\/strong><\/td>SB-862<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/td>B381<\/strong><\/td>SB-381<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
              \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643<\/td>B863<\/strong><\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
              \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/td>B363<\/strong><\/td>SB-363<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>B367<\/strong><\/td>SB-367<\/td>\u2014<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c (UNS):<\/strong>\u00a052400 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a03.7235<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0Ti 1 Pd (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639) \/ Ti 1 Pd (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0Ti-Pd\u060c TiPd\u060c Ti-0.15Pd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>UNS<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 1<\/td>R50250<\/td>CP Ti\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
                \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/td>R50400<\/td>CP Ti\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td><\/tr>
                \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>52400 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f<\/td>CP Ti + 0.15% Pd<\/td><\/tr>
                \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/td>R52250<\/td>CP Ti (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629) + 0.15% Pd<\/td><\/tr>
                \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 12<\/td>R53400<\/td>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645-0.3 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0646-0.8 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
                \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/td>R50402<\/td>CP Ti + 0.05% Pd<\/td><\/tr>
                \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/td>R52252<\/td>CP Ti (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629) + 0.05% Pd<\/td><\/tr>
                \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/td>R53404<\/td>Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni (\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/td><\/tr>
                \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 27<\/td>R53405<\/td>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645-0.08 \u0631\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a GTAW (TIG) \u0648 GMAW (MIG) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 CP \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                1. \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u00a0ERTi-7<\/strong>\u00a0(AWS A5.16) \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0621 ERTi-2 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643) \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 (99.9991\u066a \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649) \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                3. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                4. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 (\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 (RT) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 (PT) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 -800 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 SCE \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \"\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                    \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u2014 \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    1. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/strong>\n
                        \n
                      • \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 (HCl\u060c H\u2082SO\u2084\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u2192 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (HNO\u2083\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643) \u2192 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 (\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 + \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629) \u2192 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HF) \u2192\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u0643<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a C-276 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/strong>\n
                          \n
                        • \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • 70\u2013200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u2192 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2192 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 7 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u061b \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong>\n
                            \n
                          • \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u2192 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2192 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u061f<\/strong>\n
                              \n
                            • \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong>\n
                                \n
                              • \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u0644\u0627 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                                \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c <70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/td><\/tr>
                                \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c >70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td><\/tr>
                                \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 (<5%)\u060c <100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td><\/tr>
                                \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 (>10%)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/td><\/tr>
                                \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 (<10%)\u060c <100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td><\/tr>
                                \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/td><\/tr>
                                \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/td><\/tr>
                                \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c >100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td><\/tr>
                                \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td><\/tr>
                                \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (CIP) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td><\/tr>
                                \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u2014 55 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064896 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064848 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a \u2014 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 20 \u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 (Ti-Mo-Ni)\u060c \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u2014 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u2014 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0641\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7\u061f<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (Ti-0.15Pd) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 (HCl\u060c H\u2082SO\u2084) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11\u061f<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 0.12\u20130.251\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TP3T) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f). \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 (\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 (240 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2\u061f<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 (\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643) \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 (HCl\u060c H\u2082SO\u2084) \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0640 40 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2\u061f<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f (UNS) \u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u0648\u00a052400 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f<\/strong>. \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 11 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629)\u00a0R52250<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                Grade 7 titanium (UNS R52400) is commercially pure titanium alloyed with 0.12\u20130.25% palladium. That trace Pd addition dramatically improves corrosion resistance in reducing acids \u2014 delivering 40\u00d7 to over 1,000\u00d7 better performance than Grade 2 in hydrochloric and sulfuric acid environments. Grade 11 shares the same Pd content but builds on a lower-interstitial Grade 1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4069"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4081,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4069\/revisions\/4081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4069"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}