{"id":4349,"date":"2026-07-29T08:37:38","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T08:37:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/?p=4349"},"modified":"2026-07-27T08:40:47","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T08:40:47","slug":"grade-7-vs-grade-2-titanium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/grade-7-vs-grade-2-titanium\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f 0.12\u20130.25% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a 5%\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 0.18 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 (H\u2082SO\u2084) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 5%\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 0.50 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 48 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u2014 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 (CP) \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 0.12\u20130.251 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 TP3T<\/strong> (\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 ASTM B338 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u2014 B265 (\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d\/\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d)\u060c \u0648B337 (\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628)\u060c \u0648B338 (\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628)\u060c \u0648B348 (\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648B381 (\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a) \u2014 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a UNS: R50400 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2\u060c \u0648R52400 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u06403 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u2014 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (CP-Ti)<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (Ti-0.15Pd)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>R50400<\/td>52400 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>0.12\u20130.25%<\/td><\/tr>
\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (0.2%\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649)<\/strong><\/td>275 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>275 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>20%<\/td>20%<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>4.51 \u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628<\/td>4.51 \u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>103 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>103 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>1,668 \u00b1 10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>1,668 \u00b1 10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>11,4 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645\u00b7\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>11,4 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645\u00b7\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr>
\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr>
\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 3\u20135 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM<\/strong><\/td>B265\u060c B337\u060c B338\u060c B348\u060c B381<\/td>B265\u060c B337\u060c B338\u060c B348\u060c B381<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0623\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 TiO\u2082 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u00bb \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/strong>. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (0.12\u20130.25% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 TiO\u2082 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a TiPd). \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H\u207a \u2192 H\u2082) \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629). \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u00bb \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 8.8 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 10% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (>28 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645: \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629) \u2014 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0631\u0633\u0645<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 0.1 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1.0 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>5%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>0.18<\/td>>10<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0640 N\u2082<\/td>3%<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.025<\/td>>28<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0640 N\u2082<\/td>5%<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.10<\/td>>28<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0640 N\u2082<\/td>10%<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>8.8<\/td>>28<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O\u2082)<\/td>3%<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.13<\/td>>28<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O\u2082)<\/td>5%<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.13<\/td>>28<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 27% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 1\u20132% HCl. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 5%\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629 (0.18 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 10% \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 (H\u2082SO\u2084)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>5%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>0.50<\/td>48<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0640 N\u2082<\/td>1%<\/td>100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u2014<\/td>7<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0640 N\u2082<\/td>1%<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.13<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0640 N\u2082<\/td>5%<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.13<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0640 N\u2082<\/td>10%<\/td>190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>1.5<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 5% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 (H\u2082SO\u2084) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 48 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 7 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.50 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 H\u2082SO\u2084 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 1\u20135% \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 0.15 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0645\u0636<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/td>50%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>0.075<\/td>3.6<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643<\/td>50%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td><0.025<\/td>0.40<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643<\/td>1%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>1.13<\/td>45<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643: \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 1.13 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 1% \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 45 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (H\u2083PO\u2084)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
50%<\/td>70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>1.8<\/td>10<\/td><\/tr>
10%<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>3.2<\/td>11<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 7 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 10%\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 3.2 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c AlCl\u2083)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (NaCl)<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a.<\/td>93 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><0.025<\/td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr>
AlCl\u2083<\/td>10%<\/td>100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><0.025<\/td><0.025<\/td><\/tr>
AlCl\u2083<\/td>25%<\/td>100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>0.025<\/td>50<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 7 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u2014 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 50 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 10% \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 50%. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0651\u064a \u2014 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631.<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 3\u20135 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 (HCl\u060c H\u2082SO\u2084\u060c H\u2083PO\u2084\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.25 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0636\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631.<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 2 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u2014 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u2014 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 (H\u2082SO\u2084) \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 Ti-2 \u0648Ti-7 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 (Vaughan\u060c ScienceDirect) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 Ti-7 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a Ti-2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM B338 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO\u2082) \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 AS1210\/ASME \u062d\u062a\u0649 300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u064a\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (ASME BPVC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 325 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 AS4041). \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u00bb \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a 7 \u064811 \u064816 \u064812<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u201d \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/th>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/td>0.12\u20130.25% Pd<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>CP-Ti (\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2)<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/strong><\/td>0.12\u20130.25% Pd<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>CP-Ti (\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u2014 O \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a)<\/td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 Pd \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/strong><\/td>0.04\u20130.08% Pd<\/td>\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>CP-Ti<\/td>\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 12<\/strong><\/td>0.3% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 + 0.8% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u2014 \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 (\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 ~0.18% O \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 0.25% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 16 \u0639\u0644\u0649 0.04\u20130.08% Pd \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 16 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 16 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 0.1 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u2265 483 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644) \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7\u061f<\/strong>
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 0.12\u20130.25% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644: \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 (HCl\u060c H\u2082SO\u2084\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 10\u201350 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u061f<\/strong>
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl)\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl)\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 27%. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 10 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a 5% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 0.18 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 10% \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 (190 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Hastelloy C-276 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u061f<\/strong>
\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 3 \u06485 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643\u061f<\/strong>
\u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 5% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 (H\u2082SO\u2084)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 48 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 (H\u2082SO\u2084)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/strong>
\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u061f<\/strong>
\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM B338 (\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629) \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM B265 (\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 AWS ERTi-7 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 UNS \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7\u061f<\/strong>
\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 UNS R52400. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 UNS R50400.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/strong>
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 0.12\u20130.25% Pd \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 11 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 (H\u2082SO\u2084) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0640 50 \u0625\u0644\u0649 300 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d: \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.1 \u0645\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 16 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0646\u0648\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Grade 2 and Grade 7 titanium share identical mechanical properties and nearly identical chemical compositions \u2014 the only difference is 0.12\u20130.25% palladium in Grade 7. That small addition changes everything in reducing acid environments. In boiling 5% HCl, Grade 7 corrodes at 0.18 mm\/yr; Grade 2 loses more than 10 mm\/yr. In boiling 5% H\u2082SO\u2084, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4352,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4349"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4353,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4349\/revisions\/4353"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hontitan.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4349"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}